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我从小就看着印度人接管科技行业。现在，我眼睁睁地看着这一切走向终结
本文译自Youtube，原标题：I Grew Up Watching Indians Take Over Tech. Now I'm Watching It End.
The Indian immigration pipeline took engineers from IIT classrooms to running Microsoft and Google as CEOs. Three things are now putting pressure on it.
I grew up in Silicon Valley and spent five years at Microsoft, where most of my coworkers and managers were from India. Then, one of them told me he was being forced to move to Canada over an expiring H-1B, and I realized I'd never actually looked at how any of this started. So I did.
Along the way: the IITs, a 1965 immigration law nobody wrote with Indian engineers in mind, Y2K, and how Satya Nadella and Sundar Pichai ended up running two of the biggest companies in the world.
And the biggest changes might have less to do with immigration and H-1B visas than you'd expect.
I'd love to hear what you think in the comments. Is the era of Indian CEOs over?
印度移民这条通道把一批批工程师从印度理工学院（IIT）的教室里一路送到了微软和谷歌的首席执行官位置上，现在有三件事情正在给这条通道施加压力。
我在硅谷长大，在微软待了五年，当时我的大多数同事和经理都来自印度。后来，其中一个人告诉我，他因为H-1B签证即将到期，正被迫搬去加拿大，我这才意识到我其实从来没有认真去看过这一切到底是怎么开始的，于是我就去查了。
这一路上涉及到的有：印度理工学院、一部1965年出台、当初根本没人考虑过印度工程师的移民法、千年虫问题，以及萨提亚·纳德拉和苏达·皮查伊是如何最终执掌世界上最大的两家公司的。
而最大的变化跟移民和H-1B签证的关系可能比你预想的要小得多。
我很想在评论区听听你们的想法，印度首席执行官的时代结束了吗？
@goolooggg9005
2026 Fortune global 500 companies
1. USA - 141 companies, 11 of them are indian ceos
2. China - 122 companies, all of them are Chinese CEOs right
1. 美国——141家公司，其中有11家的首席执行官是印度人。 2. 中国——122家公司，它们的首席执行官全都是中国人。
@PeterPaul-f9v
The U.S. has 30 million small to medium size companies, and over 4,500 large companies, some of those are multi-trillion dollar companies. So there are over 4,500 successful CEOs with large corporations and millions of more successful CEOs in small to midsize companies. Given that, 11 Indian CEOs is not an earth shattering news.
@VijayKumar-zx7nd
After independence if we choose right policies right now Indian GDP would be 40 trillion US dollars not 4 trillion. After independence Nehru made all companies nationalized and they all went bankrupt, government system got corrupted. Again licence Raj is Nightmare for our economy getting permission from government is so difficult even if you want to buy cement we have to take government permission. Licence Raj destroyed all businesses in India, Even Ratan Tata face hardship didn't get permission for 20 years for airline business. Because of licence Raj 1991 Indian economy collapse, Indian end up in poverty. Dhirubhai Ambani started Reliance company with 10000 rupees, right now Reliance have advance crude oil refinery Technology in the world that even America don't have, in licence Raj era government invested almost 6 lakh crores taxpayer money in government companies what we got with zero Innovation and all companies went bankrupt, Samsung company started with fish selling shop right now manufacturing most advanced mobiles in the world
独立之后，尼赫鲁把所有公司都收归国有，结果它们全都破产了，政府体系也变得腐败不堪。再说许可证制度，它对我们的经济来说简直是一场噩梦。从政府那里获得许可实在是太难了，哪怕你只是想买水泥，我们也必须得到政府的许可。 许可证制度摧毁了印度所有的企业，就连拉坦·塔塔也吃了不少苦头，他为了开展航空业务，20年都没有拿到许可。由于许可证制度，1991年印度经济崩溃，印度最终陷入了贫困。 迪鲁拜·安巴尼用10000卢比创办了信实公司，如今信实公司拥有世界上最先进的原油炼化技术，就连美国都没有这样的技术。在许可证制度时代，政府向国有企业投入了将近60万亿卢比的纳税人资金，而我们得到的是什么？零创新，所有公司都破产了。而三星公司最开始只是一个卖鱼的小店，如今却在制造世界上最先进的手机。
@adamiskandar5107
If you really believed you got it right, it's not too late to start to achieve those goals, right? Fact; it's just too easy to blame failures on someone or something.
@VishalRaoOnYouTube
Factually accurate, but your point fails here - look at the denominator relative to the numerator and you will see why high skilled immigration is needed to keep the outsized prosperity of America going.
@krishnaats7141
I think we should build in India. Lack of opportunities relative to the size of India and hundreds of years of colonial enterprise made us into workers. We are changing that, and would be successful sooner than later. I think if the tech or talent leaves US, they should leave immediately.
@VishalRaoOnYouTube
India is too corrupt. America is racist and corrupt as well but much less corrupt than India. Ask yourself why so many young people want to join IAS. America is still the place where a boy who did not have a telephone growing up in Tamil Nadu can become CEO of a 4.1 Trillion dollar company. Be honest could Sundar Pichai have risen like that in Bharat?
@krishnaats7141
India is no more corrupt than bigger nations. The impact of corruption is higher in India because it impacts more people exactly because they are poorer with lack of resources to bounce back.
India was pushed behind everyone in the race to begin with and coz of idealistic nature of our politicians with socialism and communism while hiding their true intentions, we have the India we have.
They say IQ of Indians is lower. That might be true coz of generational impact of mal nourishment and lack of resources.
You take any of India's problem, it is either attributable to lack of resources - which emanates from where we have started in 1947 relative to other countries and the size of our population indexes at the time - which will lead to lack of will and corruption
Growth isn't a snap shot. It is a trend. And the trend is good for India. Exactly why the west is overboard with their hate for India, even more than just when we were their workers. Now those workers are talking, which they don't like.
Processes like decolonization, rehabilitation, healing are always longer to acheive than the process of colonization, addiction or getting injured. But even by those standards, despite all the hateful headwinds, I am positive, most of us are positive. They can cry all they want, we will keep moving ahead one step at a time, and when time is right, we will take a quantum leap. I am not worried.
Growing pains are inconvienent and hurt's self.
印度从一开始在这场竞赛中就被推到了所有人的后面，再加上我们的政客们带着社会主义和共产主义的理想主义色彩，同时又在掩盖他们的真实意图，所以我们才有了今天这样的印度。 他们说印度人的智商更低，这也许是真的，因为营养不良和资源匮乏会产生代际影响。 你拿印度的任何一个问题来看，它要么可以归因于资源匮乏——而资源匮乏源于我们在1947年起步时相对于其他国家的起点以及当时我们人口规模的指数——这又会导致意志的缺乏和腐败。 增长不是一个快照，它是一种趋势，而这个趋势对印度来说是有利的。这正是西方对印度的仇恨变得如此过火的原因，甚至比我们只是他们的工人时还要更甚。现在那些工人开口说话了，而他们不喜欢这样。 去殖民化、康复、疗愈这样的过程总是比殖民化、上瘾或者受伤的过程需要更长的时间才能实现。但是即使按照这些标准来衡量，尽管有所有这些充满恶意的逆风，我依然保持乐观，我们大多数人也都保持乐观。他们想哭就哭去吧，我们会一步一步继续向前走，等到时机成熟的时候，我们就会实现一次量子式的飞跃。我并不担心。 成长的阵痛是令人不适的，而且会伤害到自己。
@tomsuh1362
Your government is too corrupt so forget abput it.
@krishnaats7141
Along with that, 8% of all start ups in US are Indian. There are great companies in India and most CEOs are Indians.
@krishnamurthy7044
IITs were built to train engineers to develop India not to create wealth in USA.,China used its engineers to learn in USA and develop China and you can see the results.,it is a personal decision and when you are not wanted in US why wait to be sent back
@Raksh95
you can literally make AI a ceo of a company and it would do fine
@VijayKumar-zx7nd
1951-1991 India GDP growth rate was 3% every year, 1992-2026 growth rate 7% every year. Just imagine 1951-2026 every year GDP growth rate was 7% India would be developed country.
@fb6667
Ceo position is akin to political leadership, not technical leadership.
I just hope that we could be founders and investors instead of hijacking other people's company.
We should strive to improve IIT rankings in the world, no point saying best institutions in the world but rank low in patents registration.
我只是希望我们能够成为创始人和投资者，而不是去劫持别人的公司。 我们应该努力提升印度理工学院（IIT）在世界上的排名，光说自己是世界上最好的学府，却在专利注册方面排名很低，这没有任何意义。
@ghy8415
Most of these companies are in software. CEOs, after appointed by the boards, main job is to improve financial aspect of the companies.
They all posses excellence good verbal skill. There are several high profiles officials who have ethnic Indian in the US government. One very articulate billionaire GOP (US Republican party) candidate is also Indian American. Do not forget an Indian British ex-prime minister!
他们都拥有非常出色的口头表达能力。美国政府中有好几位高调的官员是印度裔，还有一位作为共和党候选人的非常能言善辩的亿万富翁也是印度裔美国人，别忘了还有一位印度裔的英国前首相！
@CGLow-r5s
It's a sad reflection on India that the ambition of a lot of Indian grads and families is to get the hell out of India! You don't see thousands of expats wanting to work in India the same time.
And yet Modi is claiming that India is such a powerful success story?
Jia hind?
然而莫迪却声称印度是一个如此强大的成功故事？ Jia hind（印度万岁）？
@krishnaats7141
Coz there are 30-40 million Indians outside India. There are 1500 million inside India.
People who left sure are of very high ambitions and very high talent. But many of those who didn't leave have become entrepreneurial, industrious, and have high aspirations to build here.
Yes the massive mindset of accountant and clerk mentality is a British boon to India where masses are turned into glorified clerks and book keepers, all the other jobs were destroyed.
We are regaining that and we will return to our common self in due course.
Sad reflection of India that you talk about is sad only because you ignore all kinds of context and reason. Otherwise you would realize, "ya isn't this how a huge colonized population behave and work slowly towards emancipation?"
离开的人无疑都有着非常高的抱负和非常高的才华，但是那些没有离开的人当中有很多已经变得富有创业精神、勤奋努力，并且有着在这里建设一番事业的强烈愿望。 是的，那种普遍的会计和职员心态是英国人带给印度的“恩惠”，大批民众被变成了被美化的职员和记账员，所有其他的工作都被摧毁了。 我们正在重新找回这一点，我们会在适当的时候回归到我们共同的本我。 你所谈到的印度的可悲映像之所以可悲，只是因为你忽略了各种各样的背景和理由。否则你就会意识到：“是啊，这不就是一个庞大的被殖民人口的行为方式吗，他们不就是这样慢慢地走向解放的吗？”
@AnAn___
Aren't a growing number of talented elite expats moving to Bangalore, Bombay, Hyderabad, Noida, Greater Noida, Gurugram, Chennei?
@CGLow-r5s
define ''talented, elite'' and in what sectors? Not for science and research. Or even AI.
You will always find expats being posted everywhere. But in India's case, there a flood leaving versus a trickle coming in.
Afterall, are you doubting the wisdom of the millions who seek to leave India versus a handful who are offered to go to India to work?
你总能发现外籍人士被派驻到世界各地。但是就印度的情况而言，是大量的人往外走，而进来的人只是涓涓细流。 说到底，你是在怀疑那数百万想要离开印度的人的智慧，还是在怀疑那一小撮被派到印度去工作的人的智慧呢？
@AnAn___
Many of the startups in Bangalore in 2026 have foreign citizen co-founders and members of the founding team.
This is often executed on B visas to avoid India taxing global income
这通常是通过B签证来操作的，目的是避免印度对全球收入征税。
@AnAn___
Bangalore has exponentially improved just since 2022.
@CGLow-r5s
@AnAn___ You are still talking of a tiny tiny number.
Take Singapore --- its has over 500,000 expats working there. Compare to India which has 25,000. (And nearly 5,000 of them are singaporeans.)
And the population difference is India is nearly 250X bigger than Singapore. Also Singapore is over 16% of India's nominal GDP.
Its tiny. Why? Its missed the boat on the AI boom and the same time was so focused on the service side of IT that its now vulnerable to AI.
Negligible financial resources spent on deep science/R&D. It's only hope is to remain a lackey/support role to the US and get the crumbles thrown its way.
就拿新加坡来说吧——那里有超过50万名外籍人士在工作。相比之下，印度只有25000名（而且其中将近5000名还是新加坡人）。 而且印度的人口比新加坡大了将近250倍。另外，新加坡的GDP还超过了印度名义GDP的16%。 这实在是微不足道。为什么会这样呢？因为印度错过了AI这波浪潮，与此同时，它又太过专注于IT的服务端，以至于现在很容易受到AI的冲击。 印度在深度科学和研发上投入的资金微乎其微，它唯一的希望就是继续充当美国的跟班，扮演辅助角色，然后等着别人把残羹剩饭扔过来。
@ghy8415
The majority of Indian workers in the US concentrate on the software field which in the future will have to compete with AI. Indian should be balance with also other fields and also in hardware like Chinese.
@matriputra2624
Very informative and correct analysis. As an early IIT graduate who spent a lot of time in the US (mainly education and research) I saw this story play out in real time. Kudos for this young guy who saw it in the rear-view mirror.
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